Spidroin-Inspired, High-Strength, Loofah-Shaped Protein Fiber for Capturing Uranium from Seawater

The unique three-dimensional structure of spidrion determines the outstanding mechanical properties of the spider silk fiber. Inspired by the similarity of the three-dimensional structure of superb-uranyl binding protein (SUP) to that of spidroin, a dual-SUP (DSUP) chimeric protein fiber with high tensile strength is designed. The DSUP hydrogel fiber exhibits a loofah-shape structure by the cross-interaction of the protein nanofiber. Full exposure of abundant functional uranyl-binding sites in the stretchable loofah-shape hydrogel protein fiber give the DSUP fiber a groundbreaking uranium extraction capacity of 17.45 mg g^-1 with an ultrashort saturation time of 3 days in natural seawater. This work reports the design of an adsorbent with ultrahigh uranium extraction capacity and explores a strategy for fabricating artificial high-strength functional non-spidroin protein fiber.