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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

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Intraoperative fluorescence perfusion assessment should be corrected by a measured subject-specific arterial input

Jonathan T Elliott^1,2, Rocco R Addante¹, Gerard-Paul Slobegean³

¹Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States.

Journal of Biomedical Optics

|June 11, 2020

Summary

Varying indocyanine green injection parameters significantly impacts arterial input function (AIF) during fluorescence imaging. Correcting with patient-specific AIFs improves accuracy in perfusion assessment across various tissues.

Keywords:

angiography arterial input function fluorescence indocyanine green perfusion tracer kinetics

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Continuous Blood Sampling in Small Animal Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Enables the Measurement of the Arterial Input Function

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling

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Published on: May 30, 2011

Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Biomedical Engineering
Pharmacokinetics

Background:

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging uses indocyanine green (ICG) for perfusion assessment.
The arterial input function (AIF) describes dye concentration over time in arteries.
AIF shape and magnitude are influenced by injection parameters and dye dispersion.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how variations in ICG injection affect the AIF.
To quantify the impact of AIF changes on fluorescence perfusion metrics.
To evaluate the benefit of correcting fluorescence imaging data with subject-specific AIFs.

Main Methods:

Numerical simulations of AIFs and tissue concentration curves.
Convolution of simulated AIFs with a tissue homogeneity model.
Modeling of six tissue types: normal/glioma brain, normal/ischemic skin, normal/osteonecrotic bone.

Main Results:

AIF perturbations caused up to 80% error in total intensity and 200% error in time-to-peak (TTP).
Errors were most pronounced in brain tissue, followed by skin, then bone.
Ingress slope error reached 60% across all tissue types, impacting key imaging parameters.

Conclusions:

AIF variations significantly alter fluorescence perfusion assessment metrics.
Correcting with a measured, subject-specific AIF is crucial for accurate interpretation.
Pulse dye densitometry is recommended for measuring patient-specific AIFs in intraoperative settings.