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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

High efficiency, Site-specific Transfection of Adherent Cells with siRNA Using Microelectrode Arrays MEA
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High-Efficiency Cellular Reprogramming by Nanoscale Puncturing.

Yuan Wang1, Zixun Wang1, Kai Xie1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.

Nano Letters
|June 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Diamond nanoneedles enable high-efficiency cellular reprogramming by reversibly disrupting cell membranes. This breakthrough significantly boosts the conversion of human fibroblasts into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for regenerative medicine.

Keywords:
cell reprogrammingcell transfectiondiamond nanoneedleinduced pluripotencyintracellular deliverymembrane disruption

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are crucial for disease modeling, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine.
  • Low reprogramming efficiency currently limits clinical applications of iPSCs.
  • Existing plasmid delivery methods often result in low yields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-efficiency cellular reprogramming strategy.
  • To overcome the limitations of low reprogramming efficiency in iPSC generation.
  • To enable efficient cytoplasmic delivery of reprogramming factors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an array of diamond nanoneedles for cellular nanopuncturing.
  • Temporarily and reversibly disrupted cell membranes in adherent cultures.
  • Delivered mini-intronic plasmid vectors directly into the cytoplasm.
  • Cultured treated human fibroblast cells in feeder-free medium.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a reprogramming efficiency of 1.17 ± 0.28% for iPSC generation.
  • Demonstrated reprogramming efficiency over two orders of magnitude higher than common methods.
  • The nanopuncturing process was minimally invasive and completed within 5 minutes.

Conclusions:

  • Diamond nanoneedle-mediated nanopuncturing is a highly efficient method for cellular reprogramming.
  • This technique significantly enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
  • The method holds promise for advancing regenerative medicine and disease modeling applications.