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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
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Related Experiment Video

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Dynamic Visual Tests to Identify and Quantify Visual Damage and Repair Following Demyelination in Optic Neuritis Patients
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Subjective visual vertical and visual dependency in patients with multiple sclerosis.

I Ulozienė1, M Totilienė1, R Balnytė2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
|June 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show increased visual dependence, measured by subjective visual vertical (SVV) errors. This visual dependence correlates with MS disease severity and disability, suggesting a new tool for clinical assessment.

Keywords:
Disease severityMultiple sclerosis, subjective visual vertical, visual dependence

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Spatial orientation relies on integrating visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive inputs.
  • Visual dependence is the reliance on visual cues over vestibular or proprioceptive ones.
  • The relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and visual dependence is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate subjective visual vertical (SVV) and visual dependence in MS patients using a novel virtual reality system (VIRVEST).
  • To assess the correlation between SVV, visual dependence, and clinical markers like the Expanded Disability Scale Score (EDSS) and MS disease course.

Main Methods:

  • A virtual reality-based system (VIRVEST) was used to assess static and dynamic SVV in 59 MS patients and 59 controls.
  • Visual dependence was quantified based on dynamic SVV performance.
  • System usability was rated by patients.

Main Results:

  • MS patients exhibited significantly larger static and dynamic SVV biases and higher visual dependence than controls.
  • Increased SVV errors and visual dependence were associated with higher EDSS scores and progressive MS.
  • The VIRVEST system demonstrated excellent usability.

Conclusions:

  • The novel virtual reality-based SVV test effectively identifies visual dependence in MS patients.
  • Abnormalities in dynamic SVV and visual dependence are linked to MS disability and disease progression.
  • The VIRVEST system shows promise for clinical application in assessing neurological patients.