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Neurological Complications and Associated Risk Factors in Children Affected with Chronic Kidney Disease
Osama Safder1, Sulafa Sindi2, Njood Nazer2
1Pediatric Nephrology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, P.O.BOX 80215, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face a high risk of neurological disorders, particularly seizure disorders. Management and diagnosis are key factors in anticipating central nervous system involvement.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nephrology
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing concern in pediatric populations.
- Neurological complications are increasingly recognized in children with CKD.
- Understanding this association is crucial for early detection and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the correlation between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and neurological disease in Saudi pediatric patients.
- To identify common renal pathologies and neurological manifestations in this cohort.
- To determine risk factors associated with neurological sequelae in pediatric CKD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective study of pediatric patients admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital in 2018.
- Review of electronic medical records for demographics, medical history, and neurological assessments.
- Analysis of radiological investigation findings, including brain imaging and renal scans.
Main Results:
- Neurogenic bladder and cystic kidney disease were the most common renal pathologies.
- Seizure disorder was the most frequent neurological manifestation.
- Males, and patients over two years old, showed higher prevalence of neurological disorders. Stage 5 CKD was most common, with many requiring hemodialysis.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric patients with CKD are at significant risk for neurocognitive defects and central nervous system involvement.
- Renal diagnosis and management strategies are critical factors in predicting neurological outcomes.
- Early identification and intervention are essential for improving neurological health in pediatric CKD patients.
Abstract:
To investigate the correlation between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the development of neurological disease among pediatric patients in Saudi Arabia. The present retrospective study recruited patients admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital during 2018. We reviewed electronic records to collect data on essential demographics including age, gender, and nationality; history of prior CNS disease or related symptoms; results of neurological physical examination; and findings of radiological investigations such as abdominal ultrasound, dimercaptosuccinic acid scan, micturating cystourethrogram, diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid scan, brain computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The most commonly diagnosed renal pathologies were neurogenic bladder and cystic kidney disease. The most common neurological manifestation was seizure disorder. Males were more frequently affected with neurological sequelae than females. The prevalence of neurological disorders was higher in patients over two years old. The most frequently observed stage of chronic kidney disease was stage 5. Most children who were affected with a neurological disorder required hemodialysis as part of their management plan. Patients with chronic kidney disease are at a high risk of neurocognitive defects. The type of management and renal diagnosis are significant factors that should be considered when anticipating central nervous system involvement in the case of chronic kidney disease.
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