Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

64.9K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
64.9K
Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

3.9K
Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
3.9K
Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

7.9K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
7.9K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

2.2K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
2.2K
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

661
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
661
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

82.9K
Overview
82.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effectiveness and probability of full disease control with canakinumab in familial Mediterranean fever: real-world data from the AIDA Network.

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Uterine artery pulsatility index as a functional biomarker of central precocious puberty: a scoping review.

Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology·2026
Same author

Diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of pediatric Behçet's disease: Systematic literature review informing the ISSAID/PRES recommendations.

Autoimmunity reviews·2026
Same author

A Lethal Progressive Neuroinflammation Disguised as MOGAD Revealing a Final Diagnosis of Griscelli Syndrome.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same author

Long-term remission and monocyclic course in Still's disease patients starting canakinumab early: data from the international AIDA network registry.

Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism·2026
Same author

Anakinra in a Preterm Infant with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Case Report.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.7K

Immunological Role of IgG Subclasses.

Cecilia Napodano1, MariaPaola Marino2, Annunziata Stefanile3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

Immunological Investigations
|June 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune diseases involve autoantibodies, primarily immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses. Understanding IgG subclass distribution is key to diagnosing and managing autoimmune disorders.

Keywords:
Immunoglobulin Gautoimmune diseasesbiomarkersimmunodeficiencyimmunoglobulin G subclassespersonalized medicine

More Related Videos

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

7.4K
The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

15.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay
06:15

Characterization of Thymus-dependent and Thymus-independent Immunoglobulin Isotype Responses in Mice Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Published on: September 7, 2018

9.7K
Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions
07:35

Double Labeling Immunofluorescence using Antibodies from the Same Species to Study Host-Pathogen Interactions

Published on: July 10, 2021

7.4K
The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
08:26

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

Published on: December 14, 2016

15.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmunity
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases arise from a loss of self-tolerance, leading to autoreactive cells and autoantibodies.
  • Autoantibodies, mainly immunoglobulin G (IgG), are crucial in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
  • IgG is classified into four subclasses (IgG1-IgG4) based on structural differences, influencing their function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unclear mechanisms behind the varying distribution of IgG subclasses in autoimmune diseases.
  • To investigate the potential role of specific IgG subclass profiles in disease pathogenesis and diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing medical literature on serum IgG subclass levels in various autoimmune disorders.
  • Analysis of studies examining the pathogenic roles of IgG subclasses through interactions with Fc-gamma receptors and complement.

Main Results:

  • Serum IgG subclass profiles appear distinctive for many autoimmune diseases.
  • Different IgG subclasses may correlate with specific autoantigens driving the disease.
  • IgG subclasses play a role in regulating interactions within the immune system.

Conclusions:

  • Further understanding of IgG subclasses is essential for elucidating their pathological roles.
  • IgG subclass analysis holds potential for diagnostic applications and personalized patient management.
  • Distinct IgG subclass patterns may offer prognostic value in autoimmune diseases.