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Related Concept Videos

Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

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The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Cohesins02:20

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Cohesin protein complexes are a molecular glue that holds two sister chromatids together. They play an important role both in mitosis and meiosis. In mitosis, all cohesin complexes present on the chromosomes are removed before the start of the anaphase stage.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins
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Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

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Spt6 is a maintenance factor for centromeric CENP-A.

Georg O M Bobkov1,2, Anming Huang3, Sebastiaan J W van den Berg4,5

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.

Nature Communications
|June 12, 2020
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Summary

The histone chaperone Spt6 maintains centromere identity by preventing the loss of CENP-A nucleosomes during transcription. This ensures epigenetic stability in both Drosophila and human cells.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
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Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A EYFP-CENP-A
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Mass Spectrometry Analysis to Identify Ubiquitylation of EYFP-tagged CENP-A EYFP-CENP-A

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Biology
  • Molecular Cell Biology

Background:

  • Genomic DNA replication and transcription necessitate nucleosome disassembly, risking epigenetic information loss.
  • Centromeric transcription is crucial for incorporating the centromere-specific histone CENP-A (centromere protein A).
  • This process relies on the eviction of placeholder H3/H3.3 nucleosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the histone chaperone Spt6 in maintaining centromeric epigenetic information.
  • To determine how Spt6 interacts with CENP-A during transcription-mediated chromatin remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the spatial and temporal localization of Spt6 relative to centromeric transcription.
  • Performed co-immunoprecipitation assays to assess Spt6 binding to CENP-A and its mutants.
  • Analyzed the retention and localization of wild-type and mutant CENP-A in Drosophila and human cells.

Main Results:

  • Spt6 was found to coincide spatially and temporally with centromeric transcription.
  • Spt6 directly binds to CENP-A, and this interaction is disrupted by phosphomimetic mutations in CENP-A.
  • Cells expressing phosphomimetic CENP-A mutants showed reduced retention, while non-phosphorylatable mutants accumulated at the centromere.

Conclusions:

  • Spt6 acts as a conserved CENP-A maintenance factor.
  • Spt6 prevents the loss of older CENP-A nucleosomes during transcription.
  • Spt6 ensures the long-term stability of epigenetic centromere identity through transcription-mediated chromatin remodeling.