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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

4.1K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
4.1K
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

4.6K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
4.6K
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

1.9K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
1.9K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

4.4K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
4.4K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

4.2K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
4.2K
Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

4.4K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
4.4K

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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory
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Processing of Bulk Nanocrystalline Metals at the US Army Research Laboratory

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Impeding Nucleation for More Significant Grain Refinement.

Zhongyun Fan1, Feng Gao2, Bo Jiang2

  • 1BCAST, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UB8 3PH, UK. zhongyun.fan@brunel.ac.uk.

Scientific Reports
|June 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Discover a novel approach to grain refinement by increasing nucleation undercooling with impotent nucleant particles. This explosive grain initiation method offers significant advancements over traditional potent nucleant strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Crystallization Science

Background:

  • Grain refinement is crucial for material properties and has been researched for decades.
  • Traditional methods involve reducing nucleation undercooling using potent nucleant particles.
  • Existing techniques have limitations in achieving optimal grain size reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new theoretical and experimental approach for significant grain refinement.
  • To challenge the conventional understanding of nucleation undercooling in grain refinement.
  • To explore the potential of impotent nucleant particles for enhanced grain refinement.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of nucleation undercooling and grain initiation.
  • Experimental validation using impotent nucleant particles.
  • Development of grain initiation maps and grain refinement maps.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that increasing nucleation undercooling with impotent nucleants yields superior grain refinement.
  • Validated the concept of explosive grain initiation through experimental evidence.
  • Quantified the effectiveness of the new approach using specialized maps.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method of increasing nucleation undercooling offers a more effective route to grain refinement.
  • This approach, based on explosive grain initiation, represents a paradigm shift from traditional methods.
  • Potential applications extend beyond metal casting to broader nucleation research and industrial practices.