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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
Published on: April 24, 2017
CIE 1960 UCS Diagram and the Müller Theory of Color Vision
Deane B Judd1, Gary T Yonemura1
1Institute for Basic Standards, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. 20234.
Abstract:
A close relationship has been shown to exist between the second stage of the Müller theory and the MacAdam 1937 (u, v)-diagram recommended in 1960 by the CIE for interim use as a chromaticity diagram having approximately uniform scales. By considering normal vision as a combination of protanopia and tritanopia as suggested by the Müller second stage, a more general measure of the perceived size of a chromaticity difference is developed than the length of the line connecting the two chromaticity points. The general measure is the square root of the sum of the squares of the angles subtended by the line at the convergence points of the chromaticity confusion lines for protanopia and tritanopia, respectively. By this measure the chromatic sensibility to wavelength change in the spectrum is accounted for quantitatively not only for protanopic and tritanopic vision, but also for normal vision including the secondary maximum of sensibility in the neighborhood of 420 nm.
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