Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage: Current Perspectives

According to the recently updated Tokyo Guidelines, laparoscopic cholecystectomy still represents the gold standard for the treatment of acute cholecystitis. However, fragile patients, due to comorbidities or poor clinical conditions, have a high surgical risk. In such cases, percutaneous or endoscopic gallbladder drainage is considered the treatment of choice. In particular, endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage with the placement of specifically designed stents is now considered an alternative option. In addition, the opening of an access door to the lumen of the gallbladder could offer new opportunities for the endoscopic treatment of gallbladder diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the latest available evidence in the literature regarding the endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage.