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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Paediatric Age.

A Garzi1, M Prestipino2, E Calabrò1

  • 1Division of Pediatric M.I.S. and Robotic Surgery University of Salerno, Italy.

Translational Medicine @ Unisa
|June 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma in children is rare but treatable with early diagnosis. Total thyroidectomy is the recommended treatment, potentially followed by lymph node removal and radioiodine therapy to minimize relapse risk.

Keywords:
CarcinomaPediatric ageThyroid

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology

Background:

  • Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is uncommon in children.
  • Early diagnosis is challenging due to subtle clinical presentation but crucial for effective treatment.
  • Risk factors and family history are not always present in pediatric DTC cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe three pediatric cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).
  • To highlight diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies for pediatric DTC.
  • To emphasize the importance of total thyroidectomy in managing pediatric DTC.

Main Methods:

  • Case series of three children diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
  • Diagnostic tools included fine-needle aspiration, lymph node biopsy, ultrasound, and imaging.
  • Treatment involved total thyroidectomy, with lymph node exeresis and radioiodiotherapy in select cases.

Main Results:

  • Two cases presented as asymptomatic neck swellings; one presented with persistent lateral cervical lymphadenopathy.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via fine-needle aspiration or lymph node biopsy.
  • All patients underwent total thyroidectomy; two required lymph node dissection due to metastasis.

Conclusions:

  • Total thyroidectomy is the optimal primary treatment for pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma.
  • Subsequent lymph node exeresis and radioiodiotherapy may be necessary based on metastatic spread.
  • Complete gland removal significantly reduces the risk of disease recurrence in children.