Global burden of preterm birth

Area of Science:

• Neonatal Health
• Global Public Health
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 completed weeks of gestation, affects approximately 15 million newborns annually worldwide.
• It represents a significant global health challenge, contributing to 18% of all deaths in children under five and 35% of neonatal deaths.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the global burden and impact of preterm birth.
• To underscore its significance in relation to global health objectives, specifically UN Sustainable Development Goal 3.

Main Methods:

• This study is a review of global preterm birth statistics and mortality data.
• Analysis of existing data on preterm birth rates and associated mortality across different income levels and geographical regions.

Main Results:

• The global preterm birth rate stands at approximately 11%, with significant regional disparities.
• Low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, bear a disproportionately high burden.
• Preterm birth rates are increasing in many parts of the world.

Conclusions:

• Preterm birth is a critical determinant of child mortality globally.
• Urgent interventions are needed to reduce preterm birth rates and improve neonatal outcomes, especially in high-burden regions.
• Addressing preterm birth is essential for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.2.