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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Visual Attentional Bias Induced by Face Direction.

Hui Kou¹, Nanling Gong¹, Wenyu Yu¹

¹Center for Mental Health Research in School of Management, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou, China.

Frontiers in Psychology

|June 13, 2020

Summary

Face direction significantly biases visual attention, influencing where people look. This attentional bias was observed with faces rotated 90 degrees, but not 45 degrees, regardless of eye visibility.

Keywords:

SOA eye gaze face direction inverted face spatial cueing effect

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Spatial cueing effects on eye gaze are well-established.
The influence of face direction on spatial attention and the role of eye gaze remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the attentional bias induced by face direction using a modified spatial cueing paradigm.
To determine if face direction, with or without visible eyes, captures visual attention.
To examine the impact of face rotation angle (90° vs. 45°) on spatial cueing effects.

Main Methods:

Four experiments employed a spatial cueing task with static faces rotated 90° or 45°.
Stimuli included faces with eyes open and eyes closed.
Stimulus Onset Asynchrony (SOA) varied across experiments (simultaneous, 300, 600, 900 ms).
Target detection response times were recorded.

Main Results:

No significant spatial cueing effects were found when cue and target were simultaneous (Experiment 1).
Significant spatial cueing effects were observed for faces rotated 90° (upright and inverted) regardless of eye visibility (Experiments 2 & 3).
No spatial cueing effect was detected for faces rotated 45° (Experiment 4).

Conclusions:

Face direction effectively biases visual attention, demonstrating its role in guiding attention.
This attentional bias appears to be driven by face orientation rather than holistic face processing.
The degree of face rotation is critical for eliciting spatial cueing effects.