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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
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A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
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Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Updated: Jun 27, 2026

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Intervertebral Disc Repair: Current Concepts.

Derek G Ju1, Linda E Kanim1, Hyun W Bae1

  • 1Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Global Spine Journal
|June 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intervertebral disc regeneration research explores molecular, gene, and cell-based therapies to alleviate low back pain. While promising, no FDA-approved intradiscal treatments exist, and clinical trials are ongoing.

Keywords:
celldegenerative disc diseasetissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Low back pain from intervertebral disc disease is a major health burden.
  • Current treatments for discogenic pain are limited in efficacy.
  • Regenerative strategies offer potential for improved pain management and quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on intervertebral disc regeneration and repair strategies.
  • To provide an updated overview of emerging concepts in disc repair.
  • To analyze the efficacy and potential of novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review and data analysis.
  • Evaluation of various regenerative techniques.
  • Assessment of ongoing clinical trials for disc regeneration.

Main Results:

  • Promising regenerative strategies include molecular, gene, and cell-based therapies, along with biomaterial augmentation.
  • Injectable therapies using biologics, cells, and scaffolds are under investigation in multiple clinical trials.
  • These approaches aim to reduce pain and enhance patient quality of life.

Conclusions:

  • Despite promising research, no Food and Drug Administration-approved intradiscal therapies currently exist for discogenic back pain.
  • Large randomized trials demonstrating clinically significant improvement with regenerative treatments are lacking.
  • Ongoing clinical investigations focus on biologic, cell-based, and scaffold-based injectable therapies for intervertebral disc repair.