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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

Published on: July 14, 2021

2D Intrinsic Ferromagnetic MnP Single Crystals.

Xian Sun¹, Shasha Zhao¹, Alicja Bachmatiuk^2,3

¹College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|June 13, 2020

Summary

Researchers synthesized high-quality 2D manganese phosphide (MnP) single crystals using chemical vapor deposition over liquid metal tin. These non-layered 2D magnets retain intrinsic ferromagnetism above room temperature, advancing spintronic materials.

Keywords:

2D single crystals intrinsic ferromagnetism liquid metals manganese phosphide (MnP)

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Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Fabrication of Magnetic Platforms for Micron-Scale Organization of Interconnected Neurons

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Published on: July 14, 2021

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Two-dimensional (2D) intrinsic ferromagnetic materials are crucial for spintronic devices.
The synthesis of 2D non-layered intrinsic ferromagnets remains a significant challenge.
Manganese phosphide (MnP) is identified as a promising non-layered intrinsic ferromagnet with desirable properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate a facile synthesis method for high-quality 2D manganese phosphide (MnP) single crystals.
To investigate the magnetic properties of the synthesized 2D MnP, particularly its intrinsic ferromagnetism and Curie temperature.
To expand the library of 2D intrinsic ferromagnetic materials for spintronic applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique.
Employed liquid metal tin (Sn) as a growth substrate.
Characterized the synthesized materials to confirm crystal structure and magnetic properties.

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized high-quality 2D MnP single crystals.
Observed that the 2D MnP single crystals maintain intrinsic ferromagnetism.
Determined a Curie temperature above room temperature for the 2D MnP single crystals.

Conclusions:

The liquid metal Sn substrate facilitates the growth of 2D MnP single crystals.
The synthesized 2D MnP exhibits promising ferromagnetic properties suitable for spintronics.
This work enriches the diversity of 2D ferromagnetic materials and opens avenues for future research and applications.