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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Characterizing Olfactory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Children with Sensory Processing

Julia R Sweigert1, Tanya St John2,3, Kristin Kawena Begay4

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.

Brain Sciences
|June 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have intact smell detection but impaired odor identification, which correlates with symptom severity. Sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) in children impacts both detection and identification.

Keywords:
PEAautism spectrum disorderolfactionsensory processingsmell detectionsmell identification

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is linked to neurological and psychiatric conditions like Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.
  • Limited research exists on olfactory function in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the olfactory profiles of children with ASD.
  • To compare ASD olfactory function with typically developing children and children with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD).

Main Methods:

  • Participants underwent olfactory tests (Sniffin' Sticks, odor valence ratings, University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test).
  • Autism severity was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2.
  • Sensory and behavioral assessments were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Children with ASD demonstrated intact odor detection but reduced odor identification.
  • Impaired odor identification in ASD correlated significantly with autism symptom severity.
  • Children with SPD showed deficits in both odor detection and identification.

Conclusions:

  • ASD exhibits distinct smell processing patterns compared to other neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • Findings suggest potential differences in olfactory processing between ASD and SPD.
  • Further research is needed to explore shared etiologies between impaired olfaction and autism symptoms.