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Related Concept Videos

Language Development01:22

Language Development

721
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
721
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

621
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
621
Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

661
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
661

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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Validation of the Early Language Scale.

Margot I Visser-Bochane1, Cees P van der Schans2,3,4, Wim P Krijnen2

  • 1Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University Groningen, University of Applied Sciences, Petrus Driessenstraat 3, 9714, CA, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.i.visser-bochane@pl.hanze.nl.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|June 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Early Language Scale (ELS) effectively identifies young children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD). This validated screening tool supports early intervention for children aged 1-6 years.

Keywords:
Child health surveillanceDevelopmental language disorder (DLD)Language developmentPreventionScreening

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric language development
  • Clinical audiology and speech pathology
  • Developmental psychology

Background:

  • Early identification and intervention for developmental language disorder (DLD) are crucial for mitigating long-term negative impacts on children's academic and social well-being.
  • Existing language screening tools often lack validation or comprehensive age coverage for early childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the criterion validity of the Early Language Scale (ELS), a novel screening instrument.
  • To establish optimal age-adjusted cut-off scores for the ELS in identifying children at risk for DLD.

Main Methods:

  • A community-based sample of 265 children aged 1-6 years participated.
  • Parents completed the 26-item ELS questionnaire.
  • Children underwent comprehensive language assessments serving as the reference standard.

Main Results:

  • The ELS demonstrated good criterion validity with a sensitivity of 0.62 and specificity of 0.93 at the 15th percentile cut-off.
  • The negative predictive value was high (0.95), indicating strong reliability in identifying children not at risk.
  • The Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) was 0.88, confirming the ELS's overall diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • The Early Language Scale (ELS) is a valid and reliable screening instrument for identifying children at risk of DLD across a wide age range (1-6 years).
  • The ELS is suitable for use in community-based settings, including well-child care and early educational environments.