Seasonality of allergic diseases: Real-world evidence from a nationwide population-based study

Seasonal variations of allergic diseases have been of great interest in clinical practice, but large-scale epidemiological data in the real world is lacking.

We conducted a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional study using the Korean National Health Insurance claims database to examine the seasonalities of allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and atopic dermatitis (AD). In addition, we investigated the correlations between the monthly patient numbers of each disease and climate factors such as daytime length, temperature, daily temperature range, humidity, solar radiation, rainfall, UVA dose, UVB dose, and PM10.

The highest seasonal variation was identified in AC, followed by AR, asthma, and AD. AR was most prevalent in September and least prevalent in July and was positively correlated with a daily temperature range. Asthma had peaked in the winter and spring and was negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity. AC had dual peaks in May and September and the valley in winter. AD was prevalent between May and August with the lowest visits in winter and positively correlated with temperature.

We demonstrated a clear seasonality of four allergic diseases. Korea is located in a temperate region with four distinct seasons, with 50 million people all having a single health insurance system. Therefore, our data reflects all hospital visits in Korea with the least chance for selection bias.