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Related Concept Videos

Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Related Experiment Video

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Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Prevalence and causes of elevated bone mass.

Aurore Nottez1, Sami Kolta2, Georges Lion3

  • 1Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Department of Rheumatology, 59000 Lille, France.

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|June 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Elevated bone mass (EBM) affects 1.43% of patients undergoing DXA scans, often due to spinal degeneration. Most cases have identifiable causes, but further research is needed for unexplained EBM.

Keywords:
Hepatitis C-associated osteosclerosisHyperostosisMastocytosisMyeloproliferative syndromesOsteopetrosisOsteosclerosisRenal osteodystrophySclerotic bone metastasesSkeletal fluorosis

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Densitometry
  • Epidemiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Elevated bone mass (EBM) is occasionally detected during routine DXA scans.
  • Epidemiological data on EBM is limited, with varying definition thresholds.
  • Understanding EBM prevalence and causes is crucial for accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of EBM in a general population referred for DXA scanning.
  • To identify the underlying causes of EBM in this cohort.
  • To assess the diagnostic utility of DXA in identifying EBM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of DXA scan data from a university hospital (April 2008-April 2018).
  • Inclusion criteria: Z-score ≥+4 at lumbar spine or hip.
  • Review of medical records and DXA scans for 211 patients with EBM to determine causes.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of EBM (Z-score ≥+4) was 1.43% in 14,745 patients.
  • Artefactual causes, primarily spinal degenerative disease, accounted for 75% of EBM cases.
  • Acquired generalized EBM (15%) was mainly linked to renal osteodystrophy, hematological disorders, or bone metastases.

Conclusions:

  • EBM has a prevalence of 1.43%, with most cases explained by identifiable factors.
  • Degenerative spinal disease is the primary cause of artefactual EBM.
  • Further investigation is recommended for unexplained EBM, potentially including genetic testing.