Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Novel Finite Element Analysis Model for Improved Orthognathic Surgical Techniques
Published on: October 20, 2023
Early class III treatment with hybrid rapid palatal expander combined with facemask
Luca Lombardo1, Paolo Albertini1, Francesca Cervinara1
1University of Ferrara, Postgraduate School of Orthodontics, Ferrara, Italy.
Background:
Class III patients are characterized by a deficiency of the maxilla and/or a prognathism of the mandible and require early treatment.
Diagnosis:
This case report describes the treatment of a 5-year-old patient with a skeletal class III relationship, a significant mandibular symphysis deviation towards the right side and a different height of the mandibular angles.
Management And Outcome:
The patient was treated with rapid maxillary expander combined with miniscrew, facemask and aligners. A functional and aesthetic occlusion in an improved facial profile was established at the end of the orthodontic treatment. Pre-treatment, post-treatment and one year retention records for the patient are presented.
Discussion:
Class III patients require early treatment in order to optimize the traditional expander effects; subsequently hybrid anchorage allowed to maximize skeletal advancement. In addition, loss of space for the erupting teeth and dento-alveolar tipping were avoided. The good results of the phase I treatment and of the active retainer meant that a complex case would become relatively simple at the phase II treatment.
Related Concept Videos
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Oxygen Delivering System I: Nasal Cannula and Face Mask
Nasal Cannula
A nasal cannula is a lightweight tube split at one end into two prongs and placed in the nostrils. It is typically used to deliver low to medium levels of oxygen.
Suggested flow rate: The suggested flow rate for a nasal cannula typically ranges between 1 and 6 L/min.
Oxygen percentage setting:...

