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Related Experiment Video

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Simple and Robust in vivo and in vitro Approach for Studying Virus Assembly
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Double-Membrane Vesicles as Platforms for Viral Replication.

Georg Wolff1, Charlotte E Melia1, Eric J Snijder2

  • 1Section Electron Microscopy, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.

Trends in Microbiology
|June 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positive-sense RNA viruses remodel host cell membranes into double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) to replicate. This review covers DMV biogenesis, structure, and function, highlighting key viruses and research advancements.

Keywords:
DMVendomembranesmembrane remodellingpositive-sense RNA virusesreplication membraneviral replication organelles

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that manipulate host cell machinery.
  • Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+RNA) viruses induce specialized intracellular membrane structures for replication.
  • Double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) are critical replication sites for various +RNA viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of virus-induced double-membrane vesicles (DMVs).
  • To discuss the biogenesis, structure, and function of DMVs.
  • To identify open questions in DMV research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on virus-induced DMVs.
  • Analysis of advances in imaging techniques and molecular biology tools.
  • Synthesis of contemporary knowledge on DMV formation and roles.

Main Results:

  • DMVs are conserved structures across diverse +RNA virus families (e.g., Coronaviridae, Enteroviridae, Flaviviridae).
  • DMV biogenesis involves complex host-pathogen interactions and membrane rearrangements.
  • DMVs provide a protected environment for viral RNA replication and protect viral RNA from host defenses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding DMV formation is crucial for comprehending viral replication strategies.
  • Advances in imaging and molecular tools have significantly improved our knowledge of DMVs.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate mechanisms of DMV biogenesis, structure, and function.