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Related Concept Videos

Gene-Environment Interactions01:20

Gene-Environment Interactions

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Gene expression is a dynamic process that is significantly influenced by environmental factors. This interaction underlies the complex nature of biological development and the phenotypic differences observed among individuals, even among those with identical genetic makeups. Factors such as radiation, temperature, behavior, nutrition, and stress play pivotal roles in determining how genes are expressed. The concept of the reaction range is central to understanding this interaction. It posits...
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Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

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Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Fertilization01:38

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During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Stable Isotope In-Vivo Labeling for Mass-Spectrometry Identification of Paternal Metabolites Transferred from Sperm to Oocyte During Fertilization
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Beyond fertilisation: How the paternal environment influences future generations.

Janice L Bailey1, Mathieu Dalvai1, Maryse Lessard1

  • 1Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.

Animal Reproduction Science
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Summary

Environmental contaminants and nutrients impact male reproductive health and offspring development across generations. Paternal environmental exposure affects the epigenome, influencing agricultural productivity.

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EpigenomeFolic acidPOPsSpermTransgenerational

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Using a Comparative Species Approach to Investigate the Neurobiology of Paternal Responses
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epigenetics
  • Reproductive toxicology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Paternal environmental exposures are understudied in offspring development.
  • Societal concerns exist regarding chemical exposure health consequences.
  • Understanding paternal lineage effects is crucial for health and agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that environmental contaminants have lasting effects transmitted through the paternal lineage.
  • To review research on the impact of toxicants and nutrients on the male phenotype and epigenome.
  • To highlight transgenerational effects in subsequent generations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on paternal environmental exposure.
  • Analysis of impacts on male phenotype and epigenome.
  • Examination of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

Main Results:

  • Developmental exposure to environmental contaminants and nutrients alters the male epigenome.
  • These alterations can lead to long-lasting effects in offspring.
  • Paternal environmental factors influence reproductive health and productivity.

Conclusions:

  • Paternal environmental exposures significantly impact offspring health and development.
  • Epigenetic modifications are a key mechanism for transgenerational effects.
  • Consideration of sire's environment is vital for animal andrology and agricultural productivity.