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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
Phospholipids arrange themselves into a bilayer, with hydrophilic heads oriented outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

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The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
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Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

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Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
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Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

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Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
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Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

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Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
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Models and Methods to Evaluate Transport of Drug Delivery Systems Across Cellular Barriers
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Membrane Trafficking and Subcellular Drug Targeting Pathways.

Ajay Kumar1, Anas Ahmad1, Akshay Vyawahare1

  • 1Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India.

Frontiers in Pharmacology
|June 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding cellular molecule movement is key for drug delivery. This review explores membrane and subcellular trafficking pathways to improve drug targeting and efficacy, crucial for cancer and infection treatments.

Keywords:
drug targeting pathwaysmembrane traffickingmembrane vesicle (MV)nanocarrier and deliverysubcellular transport

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Pharmacology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • Cellular trafficking of molecules impacts drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
  • Subcellular trafficking pathways are critical for cellular function but poorly understood.
  • Drug resistance in cancer and microbial infections is linked to trafficking mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review membrane and subcellular trafficking pathways relevant to drug delivery.
  • To highlight the role of carrier systems in enhancing drug localization and efficacy.
  • To discuss strategies for overcoming cellular barriers in drug targeting.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of membrane and subcellular trafficking pathways.
  • Analysis of drug targeting strategies focusing on cellular localization.
  • Exploration of carrier molecule advancements for targeted delivery.

Main Results:

  • Cellular trafficking significantly influences drug bioavailability and therapeutic outcomes.
  • Subcellular organelles offer unique characteristics for targeted drug delivery manipulation.
  • Advanced carrier systems can effectively direct active compounds to specific subcellular locations.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing membrane and subcellular trafficking is essential for effective drug delivery.
  • Targeting specific organelle properties can enhance drug localization and reduce toxicity.
  • Further research into trafficking pathways and carrier systems will advance drug development.