House Dust Mite Sublingual Immunotherapy in Children Versus Adults With Allergic Rhinitis

There are only a few studies in which the clinical efficacy of SLIT has been compared between children and adults. In addition, there is a lack of research on other factors, associated with the treatment, including immunological parameters and quality of life (QOL).

To compare the effects of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in adults and children on various factors: clinical efficacy, quality of life (QOL), satisfaction, immunological parameters, and adverse events.

Subjects who were sensitized to house dust mites and treated with SLIT for at least 2 years were enrolled. Seventy patients who completed questionnaires measuring nasal symptoms and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) scores and underwent serologic tests for immunological parameters at initial, 1-year, and 2-year follow-up were selected and divided into two groups based on age: a child group (age 4-12 years, n = 44) and an adult group (age 19-59 years, n = 26).

The Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) was significantly decreased after 2 years of SLIT in both the child and adult groups (p < 0.001, both); however, changes in TNSS from baseline did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.365). More patients in adult group were satisfied with SLIT than those in child group (p = 0.050), and changes in RQLQ score from baseline tended to be larger in adult group (p = 0.089). The levels of immunological parameters at baseline were significantly higher in the child group than in the adult group; however, changes in the levels of these parameters were not significantly different.

Although more adult patients were satisfied with SLIT, the clinical effects of SLIT on nasal symptoms were comparable between child and adult groups. Despite different immunological values at baseline between the two groups, changing patterns of immunological parameters did not differ.