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The link between masculinity ideologies and posttraumatic stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Julia Kaiser1, Franz Hanschmidt1, Anette Kersting1
1Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy.
Summary
Masculinity ideologies are linked to posttraumatic stress (PTS). Interventions for trauma survivors should address emotion regulation deficits stemming from these norms. Further research is needed.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Mental Health
- Trauma Studies
Background:
- Masculinity ideologies are linked to adverse mental health outcomes.
- The specific relationship between masculinity ideologies and posttraumatic stress (PTS) requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize empirical research on the association between masculinity ideologies and PTS.
- To provide insights into how different aspects of masculinity influence PTS.
Main Methods:
- Systematic search of Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubPsych databases for quantitative studies up to 2018.
- Narrative review and multilevel meta-analysis of 11 and 10 studies, respectively.
- Samples primarily comprised male veterans.
Main Results:
- A weighted mean effect size (r = .22) was found for the association between masculinity ideologies and PTS.
- Masculinity norms emphasizing restrictive emotionality showed a stronger link to PTS.
- The association was weaker in studies specifically identifying trauma survivors.
Conclusions:
- Trauma intervention strategies may benefit from addressing emotion regulation deficits related to masculinity ideologies.
- More research is necessary to explore the interaction of masculinity, PTS, trauma type, gender, and race.
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