Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Image Acquisition Method for the Sonographic Assessment of the Inferior Vena Cava
Published on: January 13, 2023
Posterior extrapelvic tributaries to the internal iliac veins: Morphometrics, types, and variants
Daniel Sat-Muñoz1,2, Luz Ma A Balderas-Peña2,3, Edgar J Cortés-Torres4
1Departamento Clínico de Oncología Quirúrgica, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE), Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Background:
In the distribution of the veins, it corresponds in the path and by its affluent to their arterial counterpart. For the pelvic surgeon faced with pelvic surgical pathology, the knowledge of the distribution of the venous vessels is especially important in view of novel surgical techniques and current approaches. The majority of the reports are on common iliac vein (CIV) or the inferior vena cava. To the best of our knowledge, there are no papers describing posterior extrapelvic affluents that drain into the internal iliac vein (IIV).
Objective:
The aim of this work was to describe the pattern of the constitution of the IIV in 17 dissection specimens taken at our institution.
Materials And Methods:
We dissected and registered the anatomic variations of the posterior extrapelvic tributaries to the IIVs.
Results:
Moreover, we describe the presence of a vein here that is, as far as we know, the first report of a vein that is formed from the posterior extrapelvic veins that drain exactly onto the anterior surface of the CIV. We also describe herein the variants that we have found.
Conclusions:
The ignorance of the anatomic variations in the posterior extra-pelvic tributaries to the IIVs (internal iliac veins) can lead to fatal consequences in the patients undergoing pelvic surgery.
Related Concept Videos
Veins of the Abdomen and Pelvis
The inferior vena cava is fed by numerous smaller veins. The lumbar veins, for instance, drain the posterior abdominal wall, emptying both directly into the inferior vena cava and into the...
Abdominal Aorta
The celiac trunk, a singular artery, divides into the left gastric artery, which...
Veins of Lower Limbs
Formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins, the posterior tibial vein, rising through the calf muscle, assimilates the fibular vein. The anterior tibial vein, a superior extension of the foot's dorsalis pedis vein, merges with the posterior tibial vein at the...
Arteries of Lower Limbs
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Overview of Systemic Veins
The coronary sinus, the heart's principal vein, resides in the coronary sulcus on the heart's posterior aspect. This broad venous channel receives nearly all venous blood from the myocardium, the heart muscle. It is fed by three primary veins: the great cardiac vein, the...

