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Related Experiment Video

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Thermogenic adipocytes: lineage, function and therapeutic potential.

Alice E Pollard1,2, David Carling1,3

  • 1MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, U.K.

The Biochemical Journal
|June 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic inflexibility contributes to obesity and metabolic syndrome. New research reveals diverse adipocyte cell types and functions, offering therapeutic potential for energy homeostasis and metabolic diseases.

Keywords:
adipocytesbrown adipose tissuethermogenesiswhite adipose tissue

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Adipose tissue biology
  • Cellular metabolism

Background:

  • Metabolic inflexibility is a key factor in obesity and metabolic syndrome.
  • Adipose tissue is crucial for sensing and adapting to environmental changes, acting as a nutrient buffer and fuel reserve.
  • Adipose tissue also plays a role in resisting cold stress via non-shivering thermogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of known adipocyte populations based on lineage and plasticity.
  • To introduce novel adipocyte types and their roles in energy homeostasis.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential of adipocyte research.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing
  • Lineage tracing
  • Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel adipocyte progenitors and specialized adipocytes with diverse functions.
  • Elucidation of common and distinct functions of adipocyte populations.
  • Exploration of adipocyte roles in whole-organism energy homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Adipocyte diversity and plasticity are critical for metabolic health.
  • Novel adipocyte populations present therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases.
  • Single-cell transcriptomics provides valuable insights for future discovery and therapy in adipose tissue research.