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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Copper Speciation Evolution in Swine Manure Induced by Pyrolysis.

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Pyrolysis transforms copper (Cu) in swine manure, altering its chemical form. Sulfur and phosphorus in feedstuff significantly influence Cu speciation in manure-derived biochars, impacting their soil behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Soil Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Swine manures contain high copper (Cu) levels due to its use as a growth promoter.
  • Pyrolysis of swine manure can concentrate Cu but reduce its bioavailable fraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the speciation transformation of Cu and associated elements in swine manures during pyrolysis.
  • To understand how feedstuff components influence Cu speciation in manure-derived biochars.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized multiple X-ray absorption spectroscopies to analyze Cu and associated elements.
  • Examined swine manure before and after pyrolysis at 300 °C and 500 °C.

Main Results:

  • Initially, Cu existed mainly as Cu(I)-S and Cu(I)-thiolate complexes.
  • Pyrolysis at 300 °C formed stable Cu(I)₂S, while 500 °C led to partial oxidation and desulfurization into Cu(II) compounds.
  • Phosphorus transformed into stable Ca-bound species, and concentrated carbonates decreased available Cu.

Conclusions:

  • The speciation of Cu in swine manure and biochars is significantly influenced by sulfur and phosphorus from feedstuff.
  • Understanding these transformations is crucial for evaluating the behavior of manure-derived biochars in soil environments.