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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

A Neuronal Apoptosis Model induced by Spinal Cord Compression in Rat
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[Malignant Spinal Cord Compression].

Yosuke Aoyama1, Chihiro Kondoh, Masato Anno

  • 1Dept. of Medical Oncology, Toranomon Hospital.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|June 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is an oncologic emergency requiring prompt diagnosis and treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for managing MSCC, considering patient prognosis and objective findings for effective treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Neurology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) involves tumor spread to the vertebral body, compressing the spinal cord or cauda equina.
  • Common symptoms include back pain, neck pain, muscle weakness, sensory deficits, and bladder/rectal dysfunction.
  • High-risk cancers include lung, breast, and prostate cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the emergent nature of MSCC.
  • To highlight the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment for preserving neurological function.
  • To underscore the necessity of considering prognosis and patient background in treatment planning.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis typically involves magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans.
  • Treatment strategies integrate medical, surgical, and radiation therapy.
  • A multidisciplinary approach involving medical oncology, orthopedics, and radiology is crucial.

Main Results:

  • MSCC is an oncologic emergency demanding immediate attention.
  • Prognosis at diagnosis is often poor, necessitating careful consideration of patient factors.
  • Multidisciplinary collaboration and supportive care, including rehabilitation, are vital.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of MSCC are critical for neurological outcomes.
  • Integrating patient prognosis and objective findings guides effective treatment strategies.
  • A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach involving cancer boards ensures comprehensive patient care.