Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Thermoregulation01:26

Thermoregulation

2.1K
The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
2.1K
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

3.9K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
3.9K
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

1.2K
Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
1.2K
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

4.7K
The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
4.7K
Feedback Loops01:01

Feedback Loops

63.1K
In most cases, excessive hormone production is prevented by negative feedback—a loop that starts with a stimulus inducing the release of a particular substance, like a hormone, to maintain a certain level before triggering a signal that results in a decrease in further release of the hormone.
63.1K
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

6.8K
Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
6.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Branched chain and glucogenic amino acids predict brown fat recruitment and metabolic clearance in adults with overweight or obesity.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

Cold-induced metabolic flexibility explains ethnic disparities among individuals with obesity and insulin resistance.

International journal of obesity (2005)·2026
Same author

Micronutrient intake and status of adults consuming plant-based meat analogues or animal-based meats as primary protein source: An 8-week randomized controlled trial.

Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·2026
Same author

Real-time and digital remote nutritional assessment framework with the use of smartphone-enabled facial morphometrics and machine learning- a proof of concept.

European journal of clinical nutrition·2025
Same author

Adherence to lifestyle intervention activities in the SINgapore GERiatric to reduce cognitive decline and physical frailty (SINGER) study: A one-year preliminary analysis of process evaluation.

Patient education and counseling·2025
Same author

Comparative efficacy of preloading plant-based versus animal-based proteins in evoking insulin and incretin responses to attenuate postprandial glucose.

European journal of nutrition·2025
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice
04:46

Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.1K

A Feedforward Loop within the Thyroid-Brown Fat Axis Facilitates Thermoregulation.

Lijuan Sun1, Hui Jen Goh1, Priya Govindharajulu2

  • 1Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.

Scientific Reports
|June 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid hormones influence brown fat activation. This study found that brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation by cold or capsinoids acutely increases plasma free thyroxine (FT4) and may enhance thermogenesis through a positive feedback loop.

More Related Videos

Visualization and Quantification of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Mice using [18F]FDG Micro-PET/MR Imaging
08:31

Visualization and Quantification of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Mice using [18F]FDG Micro-PET/MR Imaging

Published on: July 1, 2021

3.4K
Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

39.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice
04:46

Differentiation and Imaging of Brown Adipocytes from the Stromal Vascular Fraction of Interscapular Adipose Tissue from Newborn Mice

Published on: February 3, 2023

2.1K
Visualization and Quantification of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Mice using [18F]FDG Micro-PET/MR Imaging
08:31

Visualization and Quantification of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Mice using [18F]FDG Micro-PET/MR Imaging

Published on: July 1, 2021

3.4K
Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
07:22

Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells

Published on: March 28, 2013

39.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolism
  • Thermogenesis

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (TH) are known regulators of brown adipose tissue (BAT) function.
  • The precise homeostatic responses of TH following BAT activation remain incompletely understood.
  • Investigating the interplay between BAT activation and TH dynamics is crucial for metabolic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between cold and capsinoid-induced BAT activation and thyroid hormone levels.
  • To assess changes in plasma free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) post-intervention.
  • To determine if baseline TH levels predict energy expenditure changes following BAT activation.

Main Methods:

  • Nineteen healthy subjects participated in a crossover study involving cold exposure (~14.5°C) or capsinoid ingestion (12mg).
  • 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) and whole-body calorimetry (WBC) were used to measure BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE).
  • Plasma FT3, FT4, and TSH were measured pre- and 2-hours post-intervention.

Main Results:

  • Subjects with BAT (BAT-positive) exhibited higher baseline FT3 and FT3/FT4 ratios compared to BAT-negative subjects.
  • Baseline FT3 concentration positively correlated with EE changes after both cold exposure and capsinoid ingestion, independent of body fat percentage.
  • Acute cold exposure and capsinoids independently increased plasma FT4 levels, accompanied by a reciprocal decrease in TSH.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating FT3 levels are higher in BAT-positive individuals and predict EE changes following BAT activation.
  • BAT activation acutely elevates plasma FT4, suggesting a potential positive feedback mechanism contributing to thermogenesis.
  • This study elucidates a novel acute homeostatic response of thyroid hormones to BAT activation in humans.