Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

4.1K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
4.1K
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

3.3K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
3.3K
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

2.0K
After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
2.0K
Target Cell Response to Hormones01:22

Target Cell Response to Hormones

4.9K
Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...
4.9K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.1K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.1K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

1.3K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Morphological characterization of a novel model of steatohepatitis in the <i>FAH</i><sup><i>-/-</i></sup> pig.

Veterinary pathology·2026
Same author

Living Paired Exchange Donation: Unlocking New Horizons in Kidney Transplantation.

Mayo Clinic proceedings·2025
Same author

Periadventitial delivery of mesenchymal stem cells improves vascular remodeling and maturation in arteriovenous fistulas.

Science translational medicine·2025
Same author

Transplantation of decellularized porcine kidney grafts repopulated with primary human cells demonstrates filtration function in pigs.

Communications medicine·2024
Same author

Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities.

Bioactive materials·2024
Same author

First Application of a Mixed Porcine-Human Repopulated Bioengineered Liver in a Preclinical Model of Post-Resection Liver Failure.

Biomedicines·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth
07:55

The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth

Published on: April 9, 2016

9.8K

Hormonal Contribution to Liver Regeneration.

Anan A Abu Rmilah1, Wei Zhou1,2, Scott L Nyberg1

  • 1Division of Transplantation Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.

Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Innovations, Quality & Outcomes
|June 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Endocrinal hormones are key hepatic mitogens that drive liver regeneration by activating signaling pathways and promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Understanding these hormones offers new therapeutic avenues for chronic liver failure, reducing transplant reliance.

Keywords:
CDK, cyclin-dependent kinaseEGF, epidermal growth factorEGFR, EGF receptorERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinaseFAH, fumarylacetoacetate hydrolaseGH, growth hormoneGhr-/-, growth hormone receptor gene knockoutHGF, hepatocyte growth factorHNF, hepatocyte nuclear factorHPC, hepatic progenitor cellIGF, insulinlike growth factorIL, interleukinIR, insulin receptorInsP3, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphateJNK, JUN N-terminal kinaseLDLT, living donor liver transplantLRP, low-density lipoprotein-related proteinMAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinaseNF-κβ, nuclear factor κβNOS, nitric oxide synthaseNTBC, 2-nitro-4-trifluoro-methyl-benzoyl-1,3-cyclohexanedionePCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigenPCR, polymerase chain reactionPH, partial hepatectomyPI3K, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinasePKB, protein kinase BPTU, 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracilROS, reactive oxygen speciesSTAT, signal transducer and activator of transcriptionT3, triiodothyronineTGF, transforming growth factorTNF, tumor necrosis factorTR, thyroid receptorhESC, human embryonic stem cellhiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cellsmRNA, messenger RNAmTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin

More Related Videos

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration
05:37

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.6K
Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice
10:04

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Published on: December 2, 2022

5.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth
07:55

The Influence of Liver Resection on Intrahepatic Tumor Growth

Published on: April 9, 2016

9.8K
Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration
05:37

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 31, 2018

12.6K
Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice
10:04

Isolation of Regenerating Hepatocytes after Partial Hepatectomy in Mice

Published on: December 2, 2022

5.2K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Molecular Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic liver failure necessitates alternative therapies to overcome liver transplant limitations like organ shortage and immunosuppression.
  • Partial hepatectomy models in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase-deficient (FAH-/-) mice and pigs are crucial for studying liver regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the roles and mechanisms of endocrinal hormones in liver regeneration.
  • To highlight hormones as critical hepatic mitogens influencing regeneration pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (inception to June 1, 2019).
  • Analysis of signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and hormones involved in hepatocyte proliferation.

Main Results:

  • Liver regeneration is a complex process involving intricate crosstalk between signaling pathways (NF-κβ, Notch, Hippo), cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6), and growth factors (HGF, EGF, VEGF).
  • Endocrinal hormones (norepinephrine, growth hormone, insulin, thyroid hormones) act as potent hepatic mitogens, directly and indirectly modulating these pathways to induce hepatocyte proliferation.
  • Hormone-induced activation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases facilitates hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle.

Conclusions:

  • Endocrinal hormones are vital regulators of liver regeneration, acting as key hepatic mitogens.
  • Targeting these hormonal pathways presents a promising strategy for developing novel therapies for liver failure, potentially reducing the need for transplantation.