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Updated: Jun 22, 2026

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
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Drug-Responsive Inhomogeneous Cortical Modulation by Direct Current Stimulation.

Yan Sun1,2, Sameer C Dhamne1,2, Alejandro Carretero-Guillén3

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Annals of Neurology
|June 17, 2020
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Cathodal direct current stimulation (cDCS) effects vary by cortical layer. Combining cDCS with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers improves uniformity and enhances antiepileptic effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology
  • Epilepsy Research

Background:

  • Cathodal direct current stimulation (cDCS) aims to reduce cortical excitability, inducing long-term depression (LTD)-like effects.
  • Previous studies show modest efficacy in epilepsy treatment, potentially due to variable cortical neuron responses.
  • The non-uniformity of cDCS effects across cortical layers is a key area for investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if cDCS-induced LTD is uniform across cortical thickness.
  • To determine if combining drugs with cDCS can enhance response uniformity and antiepileptic effects.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo and in vitro experiments on mouse motor and somatosensory cortices, and human neocortex.
  • Measurement of cDCS-mediated changes in cortical excitability.
  • Utilized N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockers (memantine/D-AP5) to assess their impact on cDCS plasticity.

Main Results:

  • cDCS induced layer-specific effects: LTD in superficial layers and LTP in deep layers.
  • Non-uniform cDCS aftereffects were observed in both mouse and human cortical tissue.
  • NMDAR blockers promoted uniform DCS-LTD or abolished DCS-LTP, and combined memantine/cDCS suppressed seizures.

Conclusions:

  • cDCS aftereffects are layer-dependent, potentially limiting clinical efficacy.
  • NMDAR antagonists show promise in augmenting cDCS effectiveness for epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
  • Targeting cortical excitability with combined pharmacological and electrical stimulation strategies warrants further research.