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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Application of Laparoscopic Ultrasonography in Primary Choledochal Suture during Combined Two-lens Surgery
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Pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A prospective study.

Pasquale Cianci, Nicola Tartaglia, Alberto Fersini

    Annali Italiani Di Chirurgia
    |June 17, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Intraperitoneal analgesia using levobupivacaine did not improve postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to intravenous methods. Continuous intravenous infusion of Tramadol and Ketorolac showed comparable pain control to topical levobupivacaine.

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    Area of Science:

    • Surgery
    • Anesthesiology
    • Pain Management

    Background:

    • Gallstone disease is a common condition often treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).
    • Postoperative pain management is crucial for patient recovery after LC.
    • Various analgesic strategies are employed to mitigate pain following minimally invasive procedures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of three distinct analgesic approaches for pain control after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
    • To evaluate continuous intravenous infusion of Tramadol and Ketorolac versus topical intraperitoneal levobupivacaine (instillation and aerosolization).

    Main Methods:

    • 183 patients undergoing LC were randomized into three groups.
    • Group 1 received continuous intravenous infusion of Tramadol and Ketorolac.
    • Groups 2 and 3 received topical intraperitoneal levobupivacaine via instillation or aerosolization, respectively.

    Main Results:

    • No significant demographic differences were observed between groups.
    • Group 1 experienced shorter operating times.
    • Topical levobupivacaine (Groups 2 and 3) did not provide superior pain relief compared to the intravenous group within the first 24 hours post-surgery.
    • Postoperative analgesic assistance requests were lower in the intravenous group (Group 1) and the instillation group (Group 2).

    Conclusions:

    • Intraperitoneal levobupivacaine (instillation or aerosolization) does not offer improved postoperative pain control within 24 hours after LC compared to a continuous intravenous analgesic elastomeric pump.
    • Intravenous analgesic administration remains a viable and effective option for pain management post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy.