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    Noise impacts linear transmittance, creating a competition mechanism identified by self-correlation functions. This leads to localization-like effects in diffraction fields, confirmed by experiments with linear gratings and Markov chain noise.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Statistical Physics

    Background:

    • Understanding the behavior of optical transmittance under noisy conditions is crucial for developing robust optical systems.
    • Multiplicative noise can significantly alter the properties of linear systems, leading to complex phenomena.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the evolution of linear transmittance when subjected to multiplicative noise.
    • To identify the underlying mechanisms governing the interaction between noise and transmittance.
    • To explore the potential for localization-like effects in the resulting diffraction fields.

    Main Methods:

    • Approximation of transmittance evolution using an ensemble of random transmittances.
    • Generation of diffraction fields from these random transmittances.
    • Analysis of the self-correlation function to identify noise-transmittance competition.
    • Experimental validation using a linear grating and a stochastic Markov chain for noise simulation.

    Main Results:

    • A competition mechanism between multiplicative noise and linear transmittance was identified.
    • The self-correlation function exhibits a single-peak geometry, preserved in the diffraction field.
    • Localization-like effects were observed and matched with the self-correlation function's geometry.
    • Experimental results corroborated the theoretical predictions.

    Conclusions:

    • Multiplicative noise induces a competition mechanism that alters linear transmittance.
    • The self-correlation function serves as a key indicator of this competition and associated phenomena.
    • Observed localization-like effects in diffraction fields have practical implications for optical system design and analysis.