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Irregularly Bridged Epipolythiodioxopiperazines and Related Analogues: Sources, Structures, and Biological Activities
Meilin Zhu1, Xuewen Zhang1, Xuenan Huang1
1School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Road, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
This review explores unusual epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) with irregular sulfur bridges. We summarize 83 compounds, focusing on their isolation, chemistry, and biological activity from fungal sources.
Area of Science:
- Natural Product Chemistry
- Mycology
- Medicinal Chemistry
Background:
- Epipolythiodioxopiperazines (ETPs) are fungal metabolites with a bridged polysulfide piperazine ring.
- Standard ETPs feature sulfide groups at the α-positions of the dioxopiperazine scaffold.
- ETPs with irregular sulfur bridges are less understood and underexplored.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the isolation, chemistry, and biological activity of ETPs with irregular sulfur bridges.
- To highlight the significance of these unusual ETP subtypes.
- To provide context through source microorganisms and their taxonomy.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ETPs isolated since 1982.
- Analysis of chemical structures and properties.
- Compilation of biological activity data.
- Taxonomic classification of producing microorganisms.
Main Results:
- 83 ETP compounds with irregular sulfur bridges have been identified.
- Detailed information on isolation, chemical synthesis, and biological effects is presented.
- The review covers diverse fungal species responsible for producing these compounds.
Conclusions:
- ETPs with irregular sulfur bridges represent a unique class of fungal metabolites.
- Further research into their chemistry and biology is warranted.
- Understanding the source microorganisms aids in elucidating ETP biosynthesis and function.
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