Biomimetic Membrane-Structured Nanovesicles Carrying a Supramolecular Enzyme to Cure Lung Cancer

Platforms for enzyme delivery must simultaneously have plasma stability, high catalytic activity, and low/no immunogenicity of the enzyme. Here, we designed a novel biomimetic membrane-structured nanovesicle (BNV) to efficiently carry supramolecular enzymes to meet the above requirements. We complexed l-asparaginase (Aase) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) to form a supramolecular amphiphile (AS) by self-assembly via noncovalent reversible interactions. We then used the first synthesized polyethylene glycol (PEG 2 kDa)-decorated hyaluronan (12 kDa) and HPCD to self-assemble a semipermeable biomimetic membrane-structured nanovesicle (BNV) together with AS loading. As compared to native Aase, AS@BNV exhibited superior catalytic activity preservation, improved catalytic activity, better pharmacokinetics in rats, enhanced cytotoxic effects, increased antitumor efficacy, and decreased side effects. The underlying mechanisms, such as the autophagy inhibition action against tumor cells, protein-protein docking of the interaction between Aase-serum albumin, and decreased hepatic enzymatic activity, were investigated. This approach paves the way for new types of powerful biomimetic-, supramolecular-, and nanocarrier-based enzymatic therapies.