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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
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Analogous Lubberts effect in photon counting detectors.

Ke Li1,2

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705.

Proceedings of Spie--The International Society for Optical Engineering
|June 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Direct-conversion photon counting detectors (PCDs) exhibit a depth-dependent performance loss, similar to the Lubberts effect in indirect detectors. This effect is mainly caused by charge trapping and recombination, but can be mitigated through optimized electrode design.

Keywords:
Lubberts effectdetective quantum efficiencyphoton counting detector

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging Physics
  • Detector Technology
  • X-ray Detection

Background:

  • Indirect-conversion detectors suffer from the Lubberts effect, where light spread from scintillators degrades spatial resolution and detective quantum efficiency (DQE).
  • This effect is linked to the depth of X-ray interaction and light transport within the scintillator material.
  • Direct-conversion photon counting detectors (PCDs) avoid optical components, thus bypassing the classical Lubberts effect.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and analyze physical mechanisms causing a depth-dependent performance variation, a 'Lubberts-like effect,' in direct-conversion PCDs.
  • To understand how charge carrier transport properties influence detector performance based on interaction depth (z).

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of physical mechanisms contributing to depth-dependent effects in direct-conversion PCDs.
  • Evaluation of charge carrier transport, trapping, and recombination phenomena as a function of interaction depth.

Main Results:

  • The primary cause of the Lubberts-like effect in direct-conversion PCDs is identified as depth-dependent charge trapping and recombination probabilities.
  • Performance degradation and DQE loss are directly correlated with the likelihood of charge carrier loss during transport.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing electrode design in direct-conversion PCDs can significantly minimize the Lubberts-like effect and associated DQE loss.
  • Understanding charge carrier dynamics is crucial for enhancing the performance of direct-conversion detector systems.