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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Blood Transfusion01:15

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
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A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
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Massive Transfusion Protocols for Pediatric Patients: Current Perspectives.

Meagan E Evangelista1, Michaela Gaffley1, Lucas P Neff2

  • 1General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Journal of Blood Medicine
|June 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Massive transfusion protocols improve adult trauma care, but pediatric protocols need more research for standardization and efficacy. Further studies are essential to define optimal use in children.

Keywords:
blood transfusionsmassive transfusion protocolspediatric massive transfusionpediatric resuscitationpediatric trauma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Trauma resuscitation science

Background:

  • Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have improved outcomes in adult trauma patients.
  • Pediatric MTPs are less developed and require further investigation to establish efficacy and standardization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the need for further research and development of MTPs in pediatric trauma care.
  • To identify key areas for future investigation, including patient selection, protocol activation, and adjunct use.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices and literature regarding MTPs in pediatric settings.
  • Identification of research gaps and future directions for pediatric trauma resuscitation.

Main Results:

  • Current pediatric MTP implementation relies heavily on physician discretion, lacking standardization.
  • Significant research is needed to define optimal MTP use, including patient populations, activation triggers, and adjunctive therapies like tranexamic acid or factor VII.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric massive transfusion protocols require significant further development, standardization, and research.
  • Future research should explore novel technologies, such as hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers, to improve survival in pediatric trauma patients.