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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

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Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
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In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
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Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.
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MaizeCUBIC: a comprehensive variation database for a maize synthetic population.

Jingyun Luo1, Chengcheng Wei2, Haijun Liu1,3

  • 1National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

Database : the Journal of Biological Databases and Curation
|June 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

MaizeCUBIC is a new database detailing genomic variations, gene expression, and traits in maize. It provides a comprehensive high-density variant map and tools to explore genotype-phenotype relationships for crop improvement.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Plant Science
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Maize is a vital global crop requiring genetic improvement.
  • Understanding genomic variation is crucial for dissecting complex agronomic traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish MaizeCUBIC, a comprehensive database for maize genomic variation, gene expression, and phenotypes.
  • To provide tools for genotype-phenotype association studies and facilitate maize genetic research.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated genomic data including Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), indels, structure variations (SVs), and novel sequences.
  • Collected phenotypic data for 23 agronomic traits across diverse locations.
  • Applied two Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) methods to analyze genotype-phenotype relationships.

Main Results:

  • Developed a high-density variant map for a diverse maize population (24 founders, 1404 offspring).
  • Identified over 14M SNPs, 43K indels, 660K SVs, and 600M novel sequences.
  • Dissected the genetic architecture of 23 agronomic traits using GWAS.

Conclusions:

  • MaizeCUBIC offers a valuable resource for understanding maize genome structure and function.
  • The database and associated tools support genetic studies and accelerate crop breeding efforts.