Adaptive functioning in children and adolescents with Trisomy X: An exploratory analysis

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Pediatric Psychology

Background:

• Trisomy X (47,XXX) is a chromosomal condition affecting females.
• Understanding factors influencing adaptive functioning is crucial for support.
• Cognitive and behavioral profiles vary significantly in females with Trisomy X.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify factors associated with adaptive functioning in females with Trisomy X.
• To inform families and healthcare providers about potential challenges.
• To guide early intervention strategies.

Main Methods:

• Assessed 50 females (ages 12.2 ± 3.6 years) using BASC-2 and Wechsler Scales.
• Evaluated executive functioning, social skills, and autistic traits in a subset.
• Used multiple linear regression to determine predictors of adaptive skills composite score (ASC).

Main Results:

• 55.6% of participants had adaptive skills deficits, most commonly in functional communication.
• Higher verbal IQ (VIQ) and fewer behavioral concerns were linked to average adaptive skills.
• Internalizing behaviors, inattentive ADHD symptoms, and VIQ predicted poorer adaptive functioning.

Conclusions:

• Internalizing behaviors, attention/executive functioning deficits, and lower VIQ are associated with impaired adaptive functioning in Trisomy X.
• Early interventions targeting these areas and communication skills may enhance adaptive skills.
• Prenatal diagnosis was more common in females with average adaptive skills.