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Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

4.2K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Preparation of Poly(Ionic Liquid) Particles with Anionic Side Chain by Dispersion Polymerization.

Takanori Nakano1, Mitsuyoshi Yamane1, Aya Kurozuka1

  • 1Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|June 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed stable poly(ionic liquid) particles using a cross-linking agent to prevent particle collapse. These particles show potential for cation exchange applications, including with silver ions.

Keywords:
cation exchangedispersion polymerizationpoly(ionic liquid)spolymer particles

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) particles are synthesized for various applications.
  • The synthesized poly(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (poly([Bmim][SPMT])) particles were found to coalesce upon drying due to a low glass-transition temperature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for preparing stable micrometer-sized poly(ionic liquid) particles.
  • To investigate the prevention of particle coalescence during drying.
  • To explore the cation exchange capabilities of the prepared particles.

Main Methods:

  • Dispersion polymerization of poly([Bmim][SPMT]) in ethanol/ethyl acetate with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) stabilizer.
  • Addition of a cross-linking monomer post-nucleation to maintain particle integrity.
  • Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for cation exchange analysis.

Main Results:

  • Stable micrometer-sized poly([Bmim][SPMT]) particles were successfully prepared.
  • The addition of a cross-linking monomer prevented particle coalescence during drying.
  • FT-IR confirmed cation exchange between the PIL particles and metal cations, specifically Ag+.

Conclusions:

  • Cross-linking is an effective strategy to stabilize poly(ionic liquid) particles with low glass-transition temperatures.
  • The developed method yields robust PIL particles suitable for applications requiring structural integrity.
  • The demonstrated cation exchange capability highlights potential uses in areas like ion scavenging or catalysis.