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Lymphoid Tissue in Teleost Gills: Variations on a Theme.

Julien Rességuier1, Alf S Dalum2, Louis Du Pasquier3

  • 1Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.

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Gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT) in bony fish, including interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT), show significant structural variation across teleosts. This evolution reflects adaptations balancing jaw morphology and immune defense.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ichthyology
  • Immunology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Gill filaments in bony fish are vital for gas exchange but susceptible to pathogens.
  • Gill-associated lymphoid tissues (GIALT) manage microbiota and combat infections.
  • A specific GIALT, interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT), is known in Salmonids, but its broader variation is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary structural variation of GIALT across bony fish.
  • To understand the diversity of immune structures in fish gills.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized immunohistochemistry to label a conserved T-cell epitope on gill tissue sections.
  • Examined GIALT structures in various basal and modern teleost groups, including zebrafish and common carp.

Main Results:

  • Basal teleosts exhibit typical ILT, whereas modern teleosts possess lymphoepithelium of varying shapes and sizes at gill filament bases.
  • The structure of ILT in zebrafish and common carp was not significantly affected by body size or morphotype.
  • This study provides the first description of ILT in zebrafish.

Conclusions:

  • ILT exhibits considerable structural variability across fish orders, indicating diverse evolutionary strategies.
  • This variation likely results from evolutionary trade-offs between jaw/pharyngeal adaptations and immune system requirements.
  • Significant differences in gill immunity exist between basal and modern teleost groups.