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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
In contrast, systemic toxicity requires the toxic agent's absorption and distribution,...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Updated: Dec 18, 2025

A Murine Pancreatic Islet Cell-based Screening for Diabetogenic Environmental Chemicals
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Diabetes and Toxicant Exposure.

Lyn Patrick

    Integrative Medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)
    |June 19, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Environmental toxicants, known as diabetogens, contribute to insulin resistance and diabetes. Reducing exposure to these persistent pollutants is crucial for public health and diabetes prevention.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Health
    • Toxicology
    • Endocrinology

    Background:

    • Global obesity rates have nearly tripled since 1975, with diabetes causing 1.6 million deaths in 2015.
    • Persistent environmental toxicants, termed diabetogens, are linked to insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell damage.
    • Common diabetogens include organochlorine pesticides (DDT, DDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), BPA, arsenic, phthalates, perfluorinates (PFOS), DEHP, and dioxin (TCDD).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the epidemiological literature on the association between diabetogen exposure and diabetes risk.
    • To discuss the clinical challenges associated with laboratory testing for these environmental toxicants.
    • To outline necessary interventions for reducing the body burden of persistent diabetogens.

    Main Methods:

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    • Literature review of epidemiologic studies.
    • Analysis of toxicant prevalence in CDC NHANES populations.
    • Discussion of clinical and public health implications.

    Main Results:

    • Evidence suggests a link between exposure to various diabetogens and an increased risk of developing diabetes.
    • These toxicants are prevalent in the general U.S. population.
    • Challenges exist in clinical diagnosis and management due to difficulties in testing and interpreting results for diabetogens.

    Conclusions:

    • Persistent environmental toxicants are significant contributors to the diabetes epidemic.
    • Clinicians face challenges in identifying and managing patients exposed to diabetogens.
    • Interventions aimed at reducing exposure and body burden of these toxicants are essential for diabetes prevention and management.