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What Are We Missing? How Language Impacts Trauma Narratives.

Cassandra Bailey1, Emily McIntyre1, Aleyda Arreola1

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Adolescent refugees experience trauma, but language barriers may hinder trauma therapy. This study found differences in speech production between first and second language narratives, impacting treatment efficacy for trauma survivors.

Keywords:
AsyleeLatinxRefugeeSpanishTrauma

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Trauma Studies

Background:

  • Adolescent refugees and asylees are at high risk for psychopathology due to trauma.
  • Trauma-related psychopathology is treatable, but language barriers can impede therapeutic processes.
  • Monolingual clinicians may face challenges in desensitization and processing with non-native speaking clients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To qualitatively describe speech production differences in native (L1) versus non-native (L2) language narratives of adolescent immigrants.
  • To assess if current trauma therapy best practices, reliant on discourse, function similarly across L1 and L2 speakers.
  • To understand the linguistic markers associated with trauma narratives in adolescent refugees.

Main Methods:

  • Compared 10 adolescent immigrants narrating migration events in their second language (English) to 10 matched adolescents narrating in their first language (Spanish).
  • Utilized Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software for qualitative analysis of speech production.
  • Analyzed narratives for differences in word categories related to emotions, cognition, and experiences.

Main Results:

  • First language (Spanish) narratives showed significantly higher use of terms related to anger, cognitive processes, discrepancy, tentativeness, perceptual processes, ingestion, relativity, time, work, and home.
  • Second language (English) narratives exhibited higher use of terms related to positive emotions, death, causation, health, motion, space, and fillers.
  • Linguistic differences were observed in the expression of trauma-related experiences based on language proficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Significant qualitative differences exist in speech production between L1 and L2 narratives of adolescent refugees.
  • These linguistic variations have implications for the efficacy of discourse-based trauma treatments for non-native speakers.
  • Further research is needed to adapt and validate trauma therapy techniques for linguistically diverse populations.