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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Demonstration of a Hyperlens-integrated Microscope and Super-resolution Imaging

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Published on: September 8, 2017

Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels.

Sehong Park¹, Gilho Lee¹, Byeongho Park¹

¹School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea.

Light, Science & Applications

|June 19, 2020

Summary

Researchers developed a graphene-based ultrathin square subpixel lens (USSL) with electrically tunable focusing (ETF). This novel lens offers high focusing efficiency and adjustable focal length for advanced display applications.

Keywords:

Displays Electronic properties and devices Optical properties and devices Optoelectronic devices and components

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Area of Science:

Optoelectronics
Materials Science
Nanotechnology

Background:

High-resolution displays require advanced optical components like thin lenses.
Existing technologies face limitations in tunability and miniaturization for pixel-scale applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a graphene-based ultrathin square subpixel lens (USSL) with electrically tunable focusing (ETF).
To demonstrate a lens with performance competitive with traditional refractive lenses for display applications.

Main Methods:

Utilized radially patterned graphene layers to control carrier density at the Dirac point.
Applied voltage bias to induce fringe fields for focal length adjustment.
Fabricated an ultrathin lens with a thickness of less than 13 nm.

Main Results:

Achieved high focusing efficiency exceeding 60% at 405 nm wavelength.
Demonstrated a 19.42% change in focal length with a 9% increase in transmission under applied voltage.
Confirmed wavelength-independent focusing for visible light.

Conclusions:

The developed ETF-USSL is the first pixel-unit controllable lens for visible light in flat panel displays.
This technology offers a new pathway for multifunctional autostereoscopic displays.
The lens can be easily integrated as an add-on for high-resolution, slim displays.