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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Toxin Induction and Protein Extraction from Fusarium spp. Cultures for Proteomic Studies
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Toxinology provides multidirectional and multidimensional opportunities: A personal perspective.

R Manjunatha Kini1

  • 1Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.

Toxicon: X
|June 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Toxinology studies natural toxins. Recent advances in venom gland transcriptomics and proteomics enable detailed toxin profiling, opening new research opportunities.

Keywords:
Accelerated evolutionGene duplication and neofunctionalizationRegulation of toxin expressionTargeted drug deliveryTissue-selective expression

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Area of Science:

  • Toxinology and Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology and Genomics
  • Pharmacology and Toxicology

Background:

  • Natural toxins are evolved defense and predation mechanisms.
  • Human envenomation can cause severe health consequences.
  • Toxinology traditionally focused on abundant or highly toxic components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and impact of natural toxins.
  • To highlight advancements in toxin profiling methodologies.
  • To discuss the future potential of toxin research.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of venom gland transcriptomes.
  • Proteomic analysis of venom components.
  • Integration of genomic and proteomic data for toxin identification.

Main Results:

  • Modern techniques allow comprehensive toxin profiling from small samples.
  • Vast datasets are generated, facilitating diverse research avenues.
  • Decreasing costs accelerate the growth of toxin databases.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced profiling techniques revolutionize toxin research.
  • Expanded toxin databases offer significant potential for basic and applied science.
  • Future research in toxinology is poised for exciting discoveries.