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Vitamin D supplementation after the menopause.

Faustino R Pérez-López1, Peter Chedraui2, Stefan Pilz3

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Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Summary

Low vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women are linked to various health issues. Supplementation can improve bone density and metabolic health, but dosage should be individualized.

Keywords:
body compositioncalcifediolcholecalciferolfractureinsulin resistancemenopausemetabolic syndromeobesityvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Postmenopausal women face increased risks for conditions like osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome.
  • Low vitamin D status is prevalent and linked to various health issues in this demographic.
  • Factors influencing vitamin D levels include diet, lifestyle, body composition, and physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent evidence on the impact of low vitamin D on prevalent clinical conditions in postmenopausal women.
  • To assess the effectiveness of vitamin D interventions for managing these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and selection of recent literature.
  • Analysis of studies investigating vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in postmenopausal women.
  • Focus on menopause-related conditions, bone health, and metabolic parameters.

Main Results:

  • Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is associated with metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, and potentially impaired glucose metabolism.
  • Vitamin D supplementation can normalize parathyroid hormone and bone markers.
  • Supplementation may improve bone mineral density in deficient women and reduce risks of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperglycemia.
  • Dosage adjustment based on body mass index is recommended due to inverse relationship between fat mass and 25(OH)D levels.
  • Evidence on muscle strength is conflicting, and excessive vitamin D levels do not improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying and treating vitamin D deficiency in postmenopausal women can enhance overall health and clinical outcomes.
  • Vitamin D supplementation, preferably using cholecalciferol or calcifediol, is recommended.
  • Individualized supplementation strategies, considering factors like BMI, are crucial.