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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
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UPPER LUMBAR DISC PROLAPSE.

O A Badejo1,2, A I Okunlola1, M T Shokunbi1,2

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.

Journal of the West African College of Surgeons
|June 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Upper lumbar disc prolapse (ULDP) is a rare condition causing severe pain and neurological issues. Early diagnosis and high suspicion are crucial for better outcomes in this unique spinal pathology.

Keywords:
Degenerative KyphoscoliosisPolyradiculopathiesUpper Lumbar Disc Prolapse

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Upper lumbar disc prolapse (ULDP) is an uncommon spinal condition.
  • It can lead to severe low back pain, anterior thigh pain, and polyradiculopathies.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging due to nonspecific symptoms.

Observation:

  • This case highlights the diagnostic difficulties associated with ULDP.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred diagnostic tool.
  • Various surgical approaches exist, including anterior, posterior, and endoscopic methods.

Findings:

  • Treatment outcomes for ULDP are generally poorer than for lower lumbar disc herniations.
  • Lack of specific root signs can lead to missed or delayed diagnoses.
  • A high index of suspicion is essential for timely and accurate diagnosis.

Implications:

  • Emphasizes the need for increased clinical awareness of ULDP.
  • Suggests that earlier diagnosis may improve patient outcomes.
  • Highlights the importance of advanced imaging in diagnosing rare spinal pathologies.