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Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Contrast Sensitivity Function.

Emrah Ozturk1, Cem Cankaya1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Inonu University School of Medicine , Malatya, Turkey.

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|June 20, 2020
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Summary

Vitamin D deficiency negatively impacts contrast sensitivity (CS) and alters retinal layer thickness. This study highlights the importance of vitamin D for visual function and ocular health.

Keywords:
Contrast sensitivitymacular thicknessretinal nerve fiber layervisual functionvitamin D deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D plays a crucial role in various bodily functions, including potential roles in ocular health.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread condition with implications for systemic health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency on contrast sensitivity (CS) function.
  • To assess the effects of vitamin D deficiency on retinal layer thickness.

Main Methods:

  • Compared contrast sensitivity using Functional Acuity Contrast Testing (FACT) in vitamin D deficient patients (Group 1, n=42) versus healthy controls (Group 2, n=34).
  • Evaluated retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness (MT) using SD-OCT.
  • Measurements were performed on both eyes of all participants.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficient patients exhibited significantly lower CS across all tested spatial frequencies compared to controls.
  • Statistically significant differences in CS were noted at 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd).
  • While RNFL thickness showed no significant difference, macular thickness increased in vitamin D deficient individuals, particularly in specific macular areas.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D deficiency adversely affects contrast sensitivity function.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is associated with alterations in the thickness of specific retinal layers, notably macular thickness.
  • Maintaining adequate vitamin D levels may be important for preserving visual function and retinal integrity.