Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Language and Cognition

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.

Information Processing Approach

Information Processing Approach

The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Prekindergarten and Kindergarten Predictors of Reading Comprehension in Monolingual English and Spanish-English Bilingual Sixth Graders.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2026

Same author

Development and item selection of the language and dyslexia screening questionnaire in primary care settings.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026

Same author

Three Unrelated Children With Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Exome Sequencing and Functional Gene Analysis Imply a Role of Laminin-511 in Early Neurodevelopment.

Case reports in genetics·2026

Same author

The influence of reader and text characteristics on sixth graders' inference making.

Journal of research in reading·2025

Same author

Deciphering the Language in Our DNA and Leveraging the Discoveries Toward Improved Outcomes: Introduction to the Forum.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025

Same author

Translating the Power of Precision Medicine Into the World of Communication Disorders.

Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Spelling errors reveal underlying sequential and spatial processing deficits in adults with dyslexia.

Beate Peter^1,2, Andria Albert³, Shelley Gray¹

¹Speech and Hearing Science, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics

|June 20, 2020

Summary

Adults with dyslexia exhibit difficulties in sequential and spatial letter processing, impacting spelling accuracy. This suggests a specific subtype of dyslexia linked to these persistent processing challenges.

Keywords:

Dyslexia left/right letter reversals sequential letter reversals sequential processing serial order spelling

More Related Videos

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 18, 2025

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Author Spotlight: Validation of SICOLE-R for Assessing Cognitive and Reading Skills in Spanish-Speaking Children and Its Role in Personalized Education

Published on: August 16, 2024

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

Published on: June 25, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

Some adults with dyslexia struggle with processing sequentially arranged information.
Previous research indicated a sequential processing deficit linked to left/right spatial letter confusion in dyslexia.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sequential and spatial letter processing difficulties during word spelling in adults with dyslexia.
To determine if spelling deficits correlate with difficulties in sequential and spatial letter tasks.

Main Methods:

A spelling task was administered to 22 adults with dyslexia and 20 controls.
Accuracy of serial letter order and spatial reversals were analyzed.
Correlations between spelling performance and word comparison tasks were examined.

Main Results:

Adults with dyslexia showed higher sequential error rates in spelling compared to controls.
A subset of participants with dyslexia exhibited significant left/right letter reversals.
These reversals correlated with severe spelling impairment and difficulties in other sequential/spatial tasks.

Conclusions:

Persistent sequential and spatial reversal difficulties contribute to a severe dyslexia subtype.
Additional factors in dyslexia include underspecified word representations and language-based deficits.
These factors can act independently or in combination to affect spelling and word processing.